Therefore, the treatment of these textile effluents is necessary.
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Moreover, azo dyes, which are widely used in textile manufacturing and their daughter products (aromatic amine), can cause allergies, dermatitis, skin irritation, carcinogenic and mutagenic actions as well as acute and chronic toxicity (Yaseen and Scholz 2017 Carmen and Daniela 2012). Some dyes decompose, and corresponding hazardous compounds may also have a toxic impact on the aquatic environment (Carmen and Daniela 2012). In addition, textile dyes in high concentrations inhibit sunlight penetration, respiration activities and consequently upsetting the biological and photosynthesis processes in the aquatic environment.įurthermore, the presence of these dyes for a long time in watercourses leads to dye accumulation in fishes and other organisms. This is primarily due to the aesthetic problem linked to these dyes, especially for the non-acceptable colours of river water such as red or purple compared to more accepted colours such as green or blue. The direct discharge of dyes in concentrations higher than 1 mg/l, treated or not, could increase community complaints and concerns. However, the main problematic pollutants from textile factories in the aquatic environment are dye mixtures. It contains a mixture of different dyes, auxiliaries, additives, and additional chemicals that were added during textile production processes, causing serious environmental concerns. The wastewater generated from textile factories is linked to one of the main water pollution problems. minor, and the presence of artificial wastewater reduced their development. For ponds containing 2 mg/l of RB198 and 8 mg/l of BR46, removals were around 53%, which was significantly higher than those for other mixtures: 5 mg/l of RB198 and 5 mg/l of BR46 and 8 mg/l of RB198 and 2 mg/l of BR46 achieved only 41 and 26% removals, respectively. The removal of mixed dyes in planted ponds was mainly due to phyto-transformation and adsorption of BR46 with complete aromatic amine mineralisation. Findings showed that the planted simulated ponds possess a significant ( p < 0.05) potential for improving the outflow characteristics and eliminate dyes, ammonium-nitrogen (NH 4-N), and nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3-N) in all mixtures compared with the corresponding unplanted ponds. Three mixtures were prepared providing a total dye concentration of 10 mg/l. (common duckweed) on the water quality outflows the elimination of dye mixtures, organic matter, and nutrients and the impact of synthetic textile wastewater comprising dye mixtures on the L. The objectives were to evaluate the impact of Lemna minor L. The aim was to assess the ability of microcosms (laboratory-scale shallow ponds) as a post polishing stage for the remediation of artificial textile wastewater comprising two commercial dyes (basic red 46 (BR46) and reactive blue 198 (RB198)) as a mixture.
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